There are three distinctive Jewish Indian groups that happened to be largely isolated from each other: the Cochin Jews of Kerala in South India, the Bene Israel Jews of India’s West Coast and Mumbai, and the Jews of Kolkata in East India (formerly known as Calcutta). In The Book of Jewish Food, Claudia Roden recounts how Shalom Cohen from Aleppo was the first known Jew to settle in Kolkata in 1798. Soon after, Syrian and Iraqi Jews followed and developed a strong community there, where they worked as merchants and traders, and lived in harmony with their neighbors. Things changed in 1947 when India gained independence, and again in 1948 with the creation of the State of Israel; anti-Semitism grew as the Jews became associated with the colonial British power. During that time, most of the Jews from Kolkata immigrated to Israel, the US, England, and Australia. This once vibrant Jewish Indian community is now all but gone from Kolkata.
While only a handful of Jews still live in Kolkata, the food from this community has travelled with its people. Their style of cooking involves a combination of ingredients and preparations from the Middle East, with the spices and techniques of Indian cuisine. There are several cookbooks and articles devoted to Sephardic foods and Indian Jewish cookery that have documented some of the dishes of the Jews from Kolkata. I was first struck by a recipe I found in both Copeland Marks’ book, Sephardic Cooking, as well as in Indian Jewish Cooking, by Mavis Hyman. Mukmura (or Mahmoora) is a dish of chicken and almonds in a slightly sweetened tangy lemon sauce. I like any recipe that looks like it is simple to prepare but still offers big flavors, and this was clearly that. This chicken dish calls for easy to find bold ingredients like ginger, garlic, ground turmeric, lemon juice, and fresh mint. The chicken is braised, which means the meat won’t get dry, and it can easily be made in advance for entertaining, Shabbat, and holidays. By slowly simmering all of the ingredients together you develop a slightly sweet and sour sauce with all those warm spices and aromatics. After making the dish a few times, I experimented with some tweaks to the original method to boost the flavor even more, like browning the chicken before braising it, and being generous with the lemon juice and ginger. This dish is simultaneously comforting and exciting. It is the type of food that makes you feel like you’re eating something exotic and new, but with the benefit of having accomplished that from the comfort of your own home kitchen.
Mukmura
Kolkata-Style Chicken and Almonds in a Lemon Sauce
Serves 4
Ingredients:
1 4-5 lb. chicken, cut into 8-10 serving pieces
1 teaspoon kosher salt, or to taste
2-3 tablespoons oil
1 medium white or yellow onion, chopped fine
(about 1½ cups)
2 large garlic cloves, minced fine
1 Tablespoon freshly grated ginger
1½ teaspoons ground turmeric
1 cup water
¼ cup raisins, rinsed
¼ cup sliced or slivered unsalted almonds,
without skin
¼ cup fresh lemon juice, about 2 lemons
1½ Tablespoons agave syrup or 2 teaspoons sugar
2 Tablespoons chopped fresh mint, or to taste
lemon wedges, for garnish
Directions:
- Cut the chicken into 8-10 pieces;
reserve the backbone for chicken broth if desired. You can also find a
pre-cut whole chicken, or you can use 4-5 lbs. of your preferred bone-in
skin-on chicken parts. Season the chicken pieces with a teaspoon of kosher
salt.
- On medium high heat, heat a large
Dutch oven or deep skillet with a lid. Add a drizzle of oil to the pot and
then brown the chicken pieces on each side, about 2-3 minutes per side or
until golden brown. Brown the chicken in batches if needed so as not to overcrowd
the pot. Remove the browned chicken and reserve.
- Over medium heat, add the diced
onions to the same pot so the browned bits that remain on the bottom can
flavor the onion. Add an additional drizzle of oil if there is not enough
remaining chicken drippings. Sauté the onion until softened and beginning
to turn golden but not browned, about 5-6 minutes.
- Add the minced garlic, grated
ginger, and turmeric to the onion mixture. Sauté for another 1-2 minutes,
or until fragrant.
- Add the reserved browned chicken
back to the pot in a single layer. Pour the water over the chicken.
- Bring the liquid up to a simmer and
then lower the heat and cover the pot. Simmer for 20 minutes.
- Add the raisins, almonds, lemon
juice, and agave syrup to the pot. If your water has significantly
reduced, add a little more water so there’s liquid in the pot. Cover the
lid again and simmer an additional 15-20 minutes, or until the chicken is
cooked through with an internal temperature of at least 165°F. Taste and
season with more salt if necessary.
- Transfer the chicken to a serving
dish, pour the sauce over the chicken, and top everything with freshly
chopped mint and a few lemon wedges. Serve with rice or your favorite
side.
- Chicken can be made a day in advance and reheats well.
